Faith Alone

Good morning. It's a little better, a little better. We're in Luke. If you're new with us, we walk through books of the Bible most weeks. We'll take a couple breaks here and there in the, what we call, expositional through books for things like Easter, Christmas, or in need of occasion. We just finished, if you look back, Luke 6. where Jesus gives what we call the Sermon on the Plain, and it's clear teaching, the blessings, the woes, the high calling of the Christian life, of what Jesus expects of his disciples. We're coming back here into the narrative where we see the movement of Jesus. He's still teaching, he's still clearly proclaiming the kingdom of God, not the same way he's doing a sermon in chapter six, This week, we see in these stories a wonderful picture of Jesus. We're constantly asking, who is Jesus? Who is this we should believe in? And praise God, His word is always telling us who He is, who we should be trusting. This morning, one of the key words we're really gonna think about is authority. Authority. This isn't a word we really like. You know, it's right below submission. Right? We don't like submission and then we don't like authority and those two things kind of go together because we hear authority we're supposed to submit and well don't tread on me, right? Authority. The old saying, absolute authority absolutely corrupts. Sadly that proves to be true as we observe it in the world. Sadly, when we have authority, we regularly misuse it, or when we see somebody in authority, we see sin. This morning, we're going to see a different picture. We're going to see He who has the greatest authority uses it with compassion, uses it for good. We have to recreate in our minds this category Good authority. Good authority. This morning, we're gonna see a picture of Jesus from these two stories. He is worthy because he represents good authority. Jesus is worthy of our trust and praise. That's a simple statement if you're looking to write something down. Jesus is worthy of our trust and praise. And we have to ask why. It's because he has all authority and compassion. We're gonna walk through this a little differently than we have been. We've been looking at just a straightforward teaching of Jesus. We do that fairly differently. We're looking through a narrative, so I'm gonna try to walk through how the narrative flows. We're gonna look at first Jesus' authority, which is demonstrated most clearly in chapter seven, one through 10 with the centurion, and then we'll see Jesus' compassion as it's more clearly demonstrated in 11 through 17. They both capture authority and compassion. but they both emphasize differently. So look at chapter seven. If you don't have a Bible, please take the one in front of you. We'd love for that to be our gift to you. I'm gonna open up the word and we're gonna walk through this story, stories, together. Luke seven. We see here, as a good story always has, a setting. After he finished all his sayings and the healing of the people, he entered into Capernaum. We have a new place, we have a new change. There's a different movement in the gospel. Now we have a character. Now a centurion had a servant who was sick, and at the point of death, who was highly valued by him. All right, so who are we thinking of here? A Roman centurion, he would usually rule over 100 peoples, hence centurion, century. He represented Rome's presence. If you're an Israelite, you do not like Rome. Rome is oppressive. The Roman centurion's very presence represents the power of Rome. Rome, if you remember the Pax Romana, the peace of Rome, they kept peace in a very unusual way with great cruelty. Rome was not the most peaceable kingdom. They knew how to carry a heavy fist. They were typically cruel. This Roman centurion represents Israel is not free. So that's the first person we see. Then we see he has a servant. We kind of see he's a nicer centurion than we would typically find. He highly values his servant. He's concerned about the sickness of this person who is over him, or under him rather, sorry, the Roman centurion is over him. And he's sick to the point of death. There's a desperation. And so the Roman centurion who values this servant, he needs help. And this is the problem that the whole story is built around. The centurion who has great power can't help his servant. Now I want you to see next, we're gonna have five points to this story. I want you to look, there's five scenes. And they're built around the word when, W-H-E-N. Notice there in verse three, when the centurion heard. Verse four, and when they came. And then verse six, a few words in, when he was not far from. And then nine, when Jesus heard. And then 10, and when those. Three, four, six, nine, and 10. We see that word when. We're gonna build the story up here. So a setting, centurion, six servant. Scene one, the centurion has heard about Jesus. Verse three, when the centurion heard about Jesus, he sent to him the elders of the Jews, asking him to come and heal his servant. Again, we see something fairly unique about this centurion. He not only cares about his servant, but he's friendly enough with the elders of the Jews that he sends them. And that's a little odd, because again, the elders of the Jews would be the religious and civil leaders of a community, and they typically would not work well with the Romans. They typically were afraid of them. But these folks have obviously gotten along well together, as we'll see in a little bit. They have great respect for the centurion. They like the centurion. But really what's most important here is the centurion has heard of Jesus. He's been healing, he's been teaching, he has a public ministry, and as people go, they keep hearing about him and seeing him, and they spread the word. So he is an honorable man. He may be a God-fearer. We're not sure about this Roman centurion. That's what you would call a Gentile who converts to Judaism. It doesn't say that directly, but he loves the Israel nation. He uses his power for the good of others, so we see here the centurion is a different kind of guy. And he sends the elders because he's heard that Jesus might be able to do what he cannot do, and that is help the servant. All right, second scene, when the elders speak to Jesus. The centurion sent them, verse four, and when they came to Jesus, they pleaded with him earnestly, saying, he is worthy to have you do this for him. Why? Well, he loves our nation. He's even built the synagogue. And in response, Jesus went with them. And what really stands out here is notice the elder's plea. Jesus, this guy is so important, you should go to him. He's so important. He's worthy. The emphasis is on how great this centurion is, and let's just be clear, he is the most important, powerful person in the town because Rome is behind him. He's worthy. Now, at worst, we could maybe interpret these elders as, you know, playing kind of a currency game. You know, this centurion, he's very powerful. We want to stay on his good side. We're going to help him out. And Jesus, you should help us help him out because we would like to have his power or his resources or his money. We could possibly see that. But what's most curious is their emphasis to Jesus, you should do this because of the worthiness of him. And notice it doesn't record anything about Jesus other than he goes. Sounds like typical Jesus. He hears somebody who's in need and he goes to help. Or the third scene. Notice here, it got a 6B, the third scene, when he was not far off. This has the most communication. When he was not far from the house, the centurion then sends friends, saying to him, Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy to have you come under my roof. Therefore, I did not presume to come to you, but say the word and let my servant be healed, for I too am a man set under authority with soldiers under me. And I say to one, go, and he goes. And I say to another, come, and he comes. And to my servant, do this, and he does it. All right, now he sends friends, most likely Gentiles. And notice here, I don't wanna make an argument from silence, but we see that the elders, they didn't give Jesus a Lord. Their emphasis was how worthy the other man is. Now the friends, the Gentile friends most likely, they give him a respectful greeting, Lord, do not trouble yourself. And we have to pick this contrast out. The elders are saying he's worthy, and now this man is saying I'm not worthy. Has he changed his mind? No, no, he's feeling the weight of recognizing there's something important and powerful about Jesus. And he's saying, you don't even have to come to my house, just say the word. The centurion, he's the boss of the town. As we just read, he tells people to go and they go. They come and he says, come and they come. But here he's recognizing there's something greater about Jesus. Just say the word. I'm not worthy. Something very important about the Roman centurion, he doesn't believe his own press. This is important here. He is coming by faith, and all those around him are saying, you're so worthy, this man should come help you. He's not believing that when it comes to Jesus. The Jewish leaders get it backwards, the Gentile Roman centurion gets it right. And that's really the main emphasis here. Notice how he demonstrates faith. Verse seven's helpful because he could think he's a centurion, he's not worthy of me going, I'm gonna send somebody. No, it's the exact opposite. I did not presume to come to you. I'm not worthy. Then verse seven, but say the word and let my serenity heal. That's the moment of faith articulated. Just say the word. I have confidence in what I've heard about you. We don't know how much he's heard, what stories he's actually heard, but we see faith here. If you just say the word, I know he will be healed. Because I have authority too. Now notice, his authority is military. He can control and direct people that Rome has put under him. But the kind of authority he's actually recognizing in Jesus is that he says sickness be gone, death be gone, and it happens. He somehow understands, just as he can tell men go and come, Jesus has the same kind of authority, but it's over life and death. Scene four. When Jesus heard these things, verse nine, when Jesus heard these things, he marveled at him. And turning to the crowd that followed him, he said, I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such faith. This is the only instance in the Gospels where Jesus marvels like this. Usually the crowd is marveled at Jesus for what he said or what he's done. There is one other instance where Jesus marvels at human beings. It's in Mark 6. He was amazed, he was taken back by how his own hometown was so hard-headed and hard-hearted in disbelief. He couldn't believe, he was amazed by the disbelief of his own people, but here, Jesus is impressed by his faith. He's marveling at it. He's amazed by it. The relationship should take you by surprise. It's unique. And then this is what we call a teachable moment. Jesus takes advantage of a teachable moment. He hears this word of faith. He's with his Jewish disciples. The Jewish elders are with him. And he turns to the crowd that's following him. I tell you, listen up. This is the kind of thing when you hear, it's kind of like your mom using your middle name, right? Listen up. Not even in Israel have I found such faith. The problem the story's built around is a valued servant is gonna die, but the real emphasis here is Jesus is contrasting this Roman centurion's faith with the faith of Israel. That's the real point. Now, this is significant. Israel, they're the people of God who was chosen to be the holy nation. the royal priesthood, they were given the oracles of God, Israel, that's who had the Old Testament, that they had the prophecies that would help them expect and know who would be the Messiah, so that when he came, they would recognize him. Israel has been cared for by God, shown favor by God, loved by God in a unique way, and one of the most significant ways is they had his word. But here, They're being shamed because they're regularly skeptical of Jesus. They're being shamed because this man who has only heard of him, we don't know if he has the Old Testament scriptures, but whatever he has, he knows that if Jesus just says the word, life is given. Jesus is amazed that his own people have rejected him, but this man has great faith. Story ends with the last scene. The servant is healed. Notice, when those who had been sent returned to the house, they found the servant well. It appears Jesus never went to the home. It appears he healed him. Now, we don't know if Jesus said he's healed, or this is all that happened, and all of a sudden, at that moment, the servant is made well. But the man's faith is pointed out. Just say the word. Notice Jesus isn't saying how great he is that he can muster these thoughts up or these ideas up. He just knows Jesus well enough from hearing about him that he's the kind of guy, if he just says the word, death trembles. Faith is represented in just say the word. And Jesus then heals the servant. Let me be very clear, faith as we think about it, it's not blind. We're not called to make any kind of blind leaps. Look how clear this is. You're putting your faith in someone who just says the word and sickness leaves. He says the word, it is finished and death is dead. He's powerful over life and death. We're not called to some blind leap into an abyss. No, it's to Jesus who walked in this earth. It's to God who gave us these words, so many words, so many stories that give us a picture of who he is. He has all authority, and it's the kind of authority he just speaks, and whatever he declares happens. Let's look at our second story. Jesus' compassion. Verse 11. Again, a new story, a new setting. He goes to a small town called Nine, and his disciples and a great crowd went with him. And as he drew near to the gate of the town, which is where everything would happen, right? If there's gonna be a public discourse, a trial, a big announcement, a members meeting, the gate is where you go and gather. But this is a scene. When you're reading Luke, look for words that have looking in them. He likes to draw your attention with words like see, but especially behold. And as he drew near to the gate of the town, behold. This is kind of Luke's way of saying, hey y'all, watch this. Behold. A very sad scene. A man who had died was being carried out, and the only son of his mother, and she was a widow, and a considerable crowd from the town was with her. In this day, a woman who was a widow and childless was very vulnerable. There weren't jobs for her to go find. There was a life of begging and depending upon mercy of others. Here, she's already lost her husband. And now we enter this scene where her only son is dead. And there's grieving. And there's mourning, and the whole town has come to care for this widow. What happens in verse 13 changes everything. And when the Lord saw her, this is a sweet moment. Jesus, who just says, sickness be gone, death be dead, He now sees this one woman. There's a big crowd. He's got his crowd. The funeral's got the crowd. But whatever it is, he zeroes in and he sees her, who's most vulnerable, who's weak, who's desperate, who's grieving and in great pain. His eyes turn toward her, and then notice what happens. He had compassion on her. He wasn't missing her. He saw her, and then his heart follows after. He had compassion. He's kind. He's tenderhearted. He sees her in the grieving, and then he speaks. We see three actions. He saw her, he had compassion upon her, and then he acts. He speaks. And I just want to say, what he says in the context is really weird. It's a funeral. You're supposed to weep. Someone's died. There's grieving, there's pain, there's mourning. Weeping is what you're supposed to do at a funeral. Jesus says to her, seeing her pain, do not weep. Everything changes when he sees her, but now he's acting upon it. It's an odd thing to say at a funeral, but then he does something even more interesting. Verse 14, he comes up, he touched the beer, the coffin. I don't know why we just don't translate that coffin. That's something we're much more used to saying. He touched the coffin. Now, this would make him ceremonial unclean if he weren't God. Do we understand that? Touching a dead body would make you unclean, unless you're the God who makes the unclean clean. He doesn't become unclean by touching things that are unclean. No, he is perfect in power to make them clean. The bear is still, now he's, this is awkward. He's sad to a funeral, to a weeping mother, don't weep, he's now stopped the whole funeral, and then he says, young man, arise. This is the moment of the story. Does he have this kind of authority? He healed a servant who was near death, but this young man was dead. Young men arise, and Luke makes it very clear. Luke's a physician. He's emphatic. The boy sits up and he speaks. The people see and hear Jesus has given life to a dead young man. And then notice the very last action of Jesus. He gave him to his mother. He saw her pain, he saw her grief, he saw her vulnerability, and he reconciled her to her son by bringing him back to life. Notice the compassion of our God. Notice the compassion of Jesus. He has all authority and uses it for the good of those who are in pain. Now, there's something missing from this particular part of the story. So far, there's been no faith expressed. The Roman centurion heard of Jesus and said, come help me. The grieving widow never asked for anything. Jesus just saw her, had compassion upon her, and changed everything about the story, proactively, intentionally. We see faith afterwards. The Romans ensured he had an expectant faith. He had a faith that wanted something, so he asked for it, and he knew Jesus had the authority. But now we see this crowd, they're gonna have a responsive faith. Verse 16, fear seized them all. The word fear can have two kind of ideas behind it. Terror, like a nightmare, or reverence, like worship. I assume it kind of has both here, right? You just saw a dead body get up and talk and hug mom. There's a terror, there's a proper kind of fear. What in the world just happened? But obviously it also has a reverence. They were all seized by fear and they glorified God. They recognize this kind of good authority can only be God. This kind of work, giving life to the dead, this kind of power can only be God. Only the God who speaks life into existence could possibly raise the dead back to life. Now, how much are they recognizing Jesus as God? That's not real clear, but it seems to be focused on Him. Because look what they say next. A great prophet has risen among us. That's speaking of Jesus. And God has visited his people. These two ways which they glorify God are worthy of a meditation here. What does it mean that a great prophet has risen among us? Well, these people seem to be fairly aware of their Old Testament Bible. Both Elijah and Elisha had resurrections of young men like this. They seem to be connecting what Jesus has now done to what both Elijah and Elisha both did. But I also think there's something here about the great prophet. Because back in Jeremy 18, while Israel was in the wilderness and God gave the second law because Israel had been so rebellious, the same law but a second time, he promises, another prophet will come, Moses, who's greater than you. Another prophet will come and he will speak my word. And when we get to the New Testament, not only is Jesus the prophet who is to come, who's greater than Moses, he's the word of God himself. Hebrews tells us God's spoken many days through the prophets, but now he's spoken through his own son. Jesus is the capital P, final great prophet. No other prophet is any near him. They repeat what they hear from God. The son repeats what he hears from the father. It's his own truth he's declaring. They recognize there's something unique and powerful about Jesus in his role as a prophet. But then notice the second thing, God has visited his people. Again, I believe there's an Old Testament allusion. Earlier, Nate read to us from Exodus. In an Exodus, Israel, they cried out to God. And when they experienced his word, they said, God has visited us. He has shown his favor. When God hears his people, when God sees his people, when God cares for his people, he visits them. A few things here that are important to see. God is not distant. He's with us. God is not distant. He's with us. He sees us. He hears us. The second one is God is not indifferent. He has compassion. He has kindness. He shows favor. And third, he's powerful. He is powerful to help us in our every need. Jesus has all authority over life and death. He is compassionate and merciful. Let's think through some applications. The first thing I want us to see is Jesus is worthy. He's worthy of our trust, he's worthy of our praise, he's worthy of our allegiance, our faith. Notice here, he's worthy because of his authority. He speaks and sickness departs. His authority is displayed throughout the Gospels in many ways. Just a few chapters ago, a few months ago, we actually preached through it. But a paralytic is brought down through the roof. And he wants healing, and Jesus says, your sins are forgiven. And people are murmuring, who does he think he is? Only God forgives sins. Jesus says, so that you may know that I have authority to forgive sins. Get up. He not only had the authority to heal this paralytic, he's demonstrating he has the authority to forgive sins. He has divine authority. He is the very God who spoke things into existence. If we just go back to that verse seven of the centurion, say the word. Just say the word. That's the kind of authority that Jesus has. Just say the word, Lord. It's amazing the kind of faith we see there. But this is the kind of authority Jesus has. If he just says the word, we go from being completely guilty in all our sins to be forever forgiven and declared righteous. If he says the word, we go from having calloused, darkened hearts to being revived and renewed and alive in Jesus Christ. If he just says the word, we go from being distant and far off, removed and hating God and hating others to being brought near, adopted and loved. That's the authority he has. He, if we look up to Him, has the authority to remove the entangling sins that we cling on to and that cling to us. The question is, does He have the authority to tell us to deny ourselves this morning? Does He have the authority to say, carry your cross? Does He have the authority to say, follow? What's terrifying about that is, as the son, the last song we just sung, we pray for grace and then he answers those prayers in ways that surprise us. He wants us to see the selfishness and the pride. He wants us to go deeper into the woes of our sin. If we're gonna follow him, he's gonna take us places we're not expecting. But it's always good. It's always compassionate. It's always kind. If you're not a Christian this morning, it's so reasonable to think I can't trust anybody. I don't trust this Jesus, I don't trust these people. Because we're sinners. We've been sinned against. Here, the calling is to see Jesus as different. He is God himself who came down to be like us. He's God himself who came to die for our sin, to actually forgive us and renew us. They call us to see there's a sin, just like the Roman centurion, he could not help his servant. There is a sin, there is a spotted heart, there's a disease inside of us, that's what we call sin. It corrupts everything. We can't fix it ourselves. But if you call upon Jesus, he simply says the word, and he forgives you, and he renews you. That's the call for you today. Believe in Him by calling upon Him. Jesus, forgive me. He has all authority, that's why He's worthy. He's also worthy because He has compassion. In trials, it feels like God is distant sometimes. He is always aware. Jesus hears the call of the centurion. He sees the woman. God is focused in on His people. He hears us, He sees us. We should really always be marveling that Jesus is taking such attention. God is so attentive to us, his creatures, who he made in his image. He's attentive to us in a way that all humans God cares for in a unique way. God is attentive to us as his image bearers, but even more so, those whom he has adopted in Christ, he's especially attentive to. He's worthy of all honor, glory, and trust because He's always hearing us. He has compassion towards us. We see this compassion in the way He loves this woman, cares for this woman, and restores this woman. He has good authority. So what must we do? Christian, non-Christian, believe in Him. Believe that His word is true. He is who He says He is. He can and will do what He says He will do. Now, sometimes we like to believe He promises something He didn't really say. Think about how conflicting that is in our relationships. We think somebody said something, they didn't say it, or we misheard it. We have to make sure that what Jesus promises, we're really clear about, and we really trust Him. And we don't try to make Him promise something He hasn't said. Faith. That's a significant focus here. Especially verse nine. There's two kinds of faith. There's expectant. This is the kind of faith where we're praying, Lord, help me. I need this. I pray that this trial you will use. I pray this trial you will end. I pray this trial you will give me wisdom. There's an expectant way in which you ask Jesus. And then there's a responsive way in which you ask Jesus. I believe we can see here there's a way we, our faith honors God. We ask him, we rely upon him, we expect from him. And then there's thanks, there's ways in which we rejoice because he actually fulfilled what he said he would do. There's a false belief that we really need to make sure we understand here that seeps in. The false belief is represented by the Jewish elders. The false belief is somehow I'm worthy enough for Jesus to hear me. That's the opposite of faith. The whole point of that idea is that somebody is good enough or important enough that God really needs to bend his ear down to them. No, no. The true belief is that Jesus is worthy to be trusted. Well, we can too easily think the importance of somebody or ourselves and say, God really should care more about me. No, the amazing thing is that he does care. And that's why he's worthy of trust. Faith is sometimes confusing. we're going through struggles, whenever there's a chronic problem, a chronic illness. One of the most confusing and difficult things someone said to my wife and I. Within the first year of our marriage, she began showing symptoms of what we now know as a chronic illness. And we kept praying and kept going to doctor's visits and kept getting poked and prodded. Kind of the One of the hardest parts of that is hearing all the doctors throw out all the possible diagnoses. And going through the pain of going through all the testing. I mean, one of the most painful things was a good Christian friend saying, well, you're still sick because you just don't have enough faith. That's a man-centered religion. You're still sick because you don't have enough faith. that's somehow thinking that if I just muster enough up, then I will be worthy enough for God to hear me. That's Disney religion, right? Just believe it enough, just wish enough on the star or Prince Charming or whatever other bad idea that's out there. If you just muster enough up within you, then God will have to hear you and you'll be worthy. No. The prayer, and I think it's so muddled well in Scripture. I believe, help my unbelief. We don't believe that it's a matter of how strong our faith is, it's a matter of where you place it. When I was a young man in South Carolina, we got snow days randomly, not very often. It was a day that we had off because of cold temperatures, which meant there was like a dusting, right? And we went down to this park, my friends and I, to be up to no good. And the pond was frozen. But remember, it's South Carolina frozen. So as we are hooliging around, I'm not sure that's a word, now it is, we're throwing rocks in the ice, we're playing on the ice, and we're getting brave and kind of walking out, you know, more on the ice, and then it of course happens. Knucklehead male youth one speaks to knucklehead male youth two, that's me, I bet you can't run across it. I can only tell you I had absolute confidence inside of me that I was gonna get across that lake. No one's had more faith than not me on that day that I was gonna get across the lake. And then about halfway across, I started hearing some cracking, and then all of a sudden, sploosh. I'm halfway across in the water, and I don't know if you've ever done this, I hope not, You can't crawl back out. You get back on the ice, and it falls back in. It's over and over again. I'm trying to get myself up on the ice, and then I fall back in. And finally, I get on the other side, and my friends are laughing, and I drive home, and, well, I try to get the feeling in my legs back. The point is this. It's not how strong your faith is. It's how strong He is that you believe in. You place your faith in the wrong source. It can be the greatest faith. It can be the most confident faith. But if it's not in He who has the actual authority and the goodness to help you, it's not gonna help you. It's who you believe in. And only Jesus has this power to actually overcome sin and death. Believe in Him. The third application, we should be like Him. It really should cause us to marvel that he who is so worthy welcomes us. The Gentile, someone who's hated in society, he's a Roman soldier, he represents oppression to the Jewish people. A widow, someone who would be on the outskirts of society. Jesus did not let their stature, their position, their threat, their importance, their unimportance have anything to do with the way he cared for them. He welcomed them. He cared for them. There's two challenges where we live. We could have too much pride. No, we're too important. We don't have time for those people or those kind of people. It's dangerous to think someone is not worthy of us. If you ever think of that, we're not worthy of God. He's welcomed us. We're supposed to be like Jesus. The Romans, the clear teaching, welcome as God has welcomed you. that destroys any pride that says somebody isn't worthy of my care. The other challenge, we have too little time. Jesus is on a mission to save every sinner from death. And he goes out of his way to care for the centurion. He goes out of his way to focus in on this widow. How busy are we? How busy are we? Because if we're not actually present with other people in a way that's observing and trying to care, we're not gonna be able to care. Are we too busy to actually be about the business of Christ, which is being like Him and kind and caring to others? The fourth application. We must praise Him. This is the only proper response. Fear sees them all. They glorify God. they don't yet actually have the whole picture. Christ is going to go, he's going to die, he's going to say the powerful words, it is finished, death is dead, sin is defeated, we cannot be forgiven. The proper response is to honor him and give him thanks because he who has all authority has used it to save us from all of our sin. Will you pray with me? Father, we thank you that you've not left us alone. You see us. You hear us. You have compassion on your people. Lord, I pray for those who are Desperate. Hurting. Grieving. Discouraged. Lord, I pray that you would visit us. Visit them. Show your favor. Lord, I pray that we would have the faith to call out to you. That we'd have the faith to expect you to do what you've said. And that in whatever trial we're in, you promise you'll give us wisdom. You are generous in giving wisdom in the midst of a trial. We pray that you would help us. Help us to grow up in our faith. Help us to set aside the doubts and the disbeliefs. Help us, Lord, to trust you, to glorify you, to obey you. In Jesus' name we pray, amen. Let us stand and sing our song of response, Christ our hope in life and death.